Gene sequencing laser
Gene sequencing is a new gene detection technology, which simply means to display the sequence of base ATGC in DNA/RNA molecules.Gene sequencing technology can be used to analyze and determine the full sequence of genes from blood or saliva, so as to target individual genes for prevention and treatment in advance.
In 1977, Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger established DNA sequencing technology and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1980.From there, the technology that will dominate the future of the life sciences is widely used in research.
Over the past 40 years or so, gene sequencing has undergone many technological
The first generation of gene sequencing technology (Sanger sequencing) is based on the sequencing principle of Sanger dideoxy termination method, combined with fluorescence labeling and capillary array electrophoresis technology to realize the automation of sequencing. The basic method is chain termination or degradation method.The method was then converted to fluorescent nucleotide labeling, capillary electrophoresis differentiation and laser detection, thus realizing the first generation of automated sequencing method.
The second-generation sequencing (NGS) achieves high-throughput sequencing at the expense of reading length, and the sequence of hundreds of thousands to millions of nucleic acid molecules can be obtained simultaneously in one operation.
The first generation of sequencing is synthetic termination sequencing, while the second generation of sequencing is pioneering in the introduction of reversible termination terminals, so as to achieve simultaneous synthesis and sequencing.The DNA is sequenced by a laser that excites a fluorescent signal during DNA replication, scanning it for special markers (commonly known as fluorescent molecular markers) carried by newly added bases.